Category: Africa
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Africa: Meet the New Gatekeepers, Same as the Old Gatekeeper
Examining the historical and contemporary political economy of extraction in sub-Saharan Africa through the lens of “gatekeeper states”.
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Africa Architecture Brazil Cathedrals Colonialism Commodity Credit Culture Democracy Early Modern Economics Empire Exploration History Immigration India Institution Literature Migration Monasteries Nation State Painting Political Economy Portugal Post-Colonialism Resistance Revolution Spain State Trade

Portugal: The Empire Without a Bank
In which we examine why Portugal has always been under-capitalised.